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butakan dong, contoh teks narative tentang fabel dan folktale . .!
A. Contoh FabelThe
Tiger and The MouseOne day, a tiger went out looking for something to eat. He found a mouse going in the same direction, so the tiger caught the mouse and said to him, "you look very good to eat, but I am very sorry that you are so small. If I eat you, you will not even be enough for one mouthful." When he heard that from the tiger, the mouse was very happy, and he asked the tiger, "Ha Nya Sua, I am a small animal. If you eat me, I am not enough for you to get full. Please let me go." The tiger thought and thought and finally, he said to the mouse, "There are only two ways to handle you: one way is to eat you; the other is to release you." The mouse pleaded again with the tiger to please let him go. The tiger thought and thought, and finally he let the mouse go. The next day, the tiger went out again and had very bad luck. He was caught in a prepared trap. Now, the mouse, who the tiger caught the day before, passed by and saw the tiger caught in the big net, he asked, "Tiger, what happened to you?" The tiger looked up at the mouse and remembered that it was the same mouse he had caught and released the day before. The tiger wanted to ask the mouse to help him, but he thought to himself, "I am the big king of the jungle. If I ask him for help, I will lose face. If I don't ask him to help, I will die soon. I want to ask him to help me, but I may lose face having such a little animal save my life. On the other hand, isn't it better to lose my face in front of him than to die?" Finally, the tiger asked the mouse to please help him out of his trouble. The mouse hearing the tiger asking him for help thought, "Before, he wanted to eat me, and he was in control, but now I am in control. I don't want to eat the tiger; I want to help him now." So, the small mouse showed mercy and kindness toward the tiger. He ran quickly to tell all his friends to come and help cut the ropes of the big net holding the tiger. So, the tiger was freed from the trap. He said first to the mouse and then to all his friends, "Thank you. Thank you." Finally, the mouse said to the tiger, "If you had eaten me before, I would have hoped that no one would release you from the trap." The tiger was very humble, and he said to the mouse that he would always be grateful and never forget his help.
B. Contoh Folktale
JAKA TARUB
Once upon a time, in a village of Central Java there was a poor farmer and his son named Jaka Tarub. Jaka Tarub was very handsome as well as kind, honest and brave. He liked to help other people. He always sympathized with those who were weak but innocent and those who were poor but honest. One day, when he was returning come from hunting, he saw seven beautiful young women bathing in the lake amid a dense jungle. As he was thinking hard of way to get acquainted with anyone of them, he caught sight of their clothes, which were piled up under a tree at the bank of the lake. He decided to steal the clothes of one of the women. After finishing their bath, they walked ashore to where they had left their clothes. One of them, however, screamed suddenly and wept as she found out that her own clothing had vanished. While they were searching for the lost clothing, a rainbow appeared in the sky and glided down towards the lake. It was time for them to go back to heaven. As the one women climbed up the rainbow on their way back to the sky, the one who had lost her clothing was left alone, weeping for she could not enter the heaven without her heavenly clothing.Seeing this, Jaka Tarub was astonished greatly, because he then knew that they were certainly not ordinary women, but nymphs. He felt sorry for the poor nymph and decided to approach her.How surprise the nymph was when suddenly he saw a young man standing before them. She, at once thought that he must have been the thief who had stolen her clothes, so she blamed and scolded him. He begged her pardon for what he had done and told her the reason. She forgave him She begged the gods as well to pardon him and the gods blessed him and the gods blessed them. The two soon fell in love each other.Later on, Jaka Tarub and the nymph, who had been changed by the gods into a very beautiful ordinary maiden, got married, and lived happily ever after.
Buat text prosedur tentang menggoreng makanan atau membuat makanan lainnya
Hot Fruity Bananas
4 med bananas
2 tbsp orange juice
4 tbsp cream
25gr candied peel
Preheat the oven to gas mark 7 200c 425f. Or heat the barbecue to medium.
Make a lengthwise slit in each bananaa taking care that the skin does not peel off.
Pour the juice into each slit .
Sprinkle each banana with the dried peel and wrap them in kitchen foil to make 4 parcels
Bake these banana parcels until soft about (15 20 Minutes). Serve with a spoon ful of cream.
Banana Fritters.
Cut bananas in halve then through the centre to make 4 pieces.
Make a batter with flour egg and water, dip banana pieces in flour then in the batter and fry in deep oil until brown and crispy, serve these with ice cream and hot syrup poured over.
Operator 3 April 2009 0:0
tolong saya dikirimi teks narrative, sebanyak- banyaknya karena ini buat tugas dan harus dikumpulkan segera, cepat dikirim!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
terima kasih
The Boy who cried “Wolf”
There was once a shepherd-boy who kept his flock at a little distance from the village. Once he thought he would play a trick on the villagers and have some fun at their expense. So he ran toward the village crying out, with all his might,--
"Wolf! Wolf! Come and help! The wolves are at my lambs!"
The kind villagers left their work and ran to the field to help him. But when they got there the boy laughed at them for their pains; there was no wolf there.
Still another day the boy tried the same trick, and the villagers came running to help and got laughed at again. Then one day a wolf did break into the fold and began killing the lambs. In great fright, the boy ran for help. "Wolf! Wolf!" he screamed. "There is a wolf in the flock! Help!"
The villagers heard him, but they thought it was another mean trick; no one paid the least attention, or went near him. And the shepherd-boy lost all his sheep.
Moral value:
That is the kind of thing that happens to people who lie: even when they tell the truth no one believes them.
The Turtle and His Bride
THERE was once a turtle who lived among a great many people of different kinds, in a large camp near a big river which was born right up amongst the snows, and flowed straight away south till it reached a sea where the water was always hot.
There were many other turtles in the camp, and this turtle was kind and pleasant to them all, but he did not care for any of them very much, and felt rather lonely.
At last he built himself a hut, and filled it with skins for seats, and made it as comfortable as any but for miles round; and when it was quite finished he looked about among the young women to see which of them he should ask to be his wife.
It took him some time to make up his mind, for no turtle likes being hurried, but at length he found one girl who seemed prettier and more industrious than the rest, and one day he entered her home, and said: `Will you marry me?'
The young woman was so surprised at this question that she dropped the beaded slipper she was making, and stared at the turtle. She felt inclined to laugh-the idea was so absurd; but she was kind-hearted and polite, so she looked as grave as she could, and answered,
`But how are you going to provide for a family? Why, when the camp moves, you will not even be able to keep up with the rest!'
`I can keep up with the best of them,' replied the turtle, tossing his head. But though he was very much offended he did not let the girl see it, and begged and, prayed her so hard to marry him that, at last, she consented, very unwillingly.
`You will have to wait till the spring, though,' she said; `I must make a great many slippers and dresses for myself, as I shall not have much time afterwards.'
This did not please the turtle; but he knew it was no use talking, so all he answered was,
`I shall go to war and take some captives, and I shall be away several months. And when I return I shall expect you to be ready to marry me.'
So he went back to his hut, and at once set about his preparations. The first thing he did was to call all his relations together, and ask them if they would come with him and make war on the people of a neighbouring village. The turtles, who were tired of doing nothing, agreed at once, and next day the whole tribe left the camp. The girl was standing at the door of her but as they passed, and laughed out loud-they moved so slowly. Her lover, who was marching at the head, grew very angry at this, and cried out,
`In four days from now you will be weeping instead of laughing, because there will be hundreds of miles between you and me.'
`In four days,' replied the girl-who had only promised to marry him in order to get rid of him-'in four days you will hardly be out of sight.'
`Oh, I did not mean four days, but four years,' answered the turtle, hastily; `whatever happens I shall be back by then.'
The army marched on, till one day, when they felt as if they must have got half round the earth, though they were scarcely four miles from the camp, they found a large tree lying across their path. They looked at it with dismay, and the oldest among them put their heads together to see what was to be done.
`Can't we manage to get past by the top?' asked,
`Why, it would take us years,' exclaimed another.
Just look at all those tall green branches, spreading in every direction. If once we got entangled in them, we should never get out again!'
`Well then, let us go round by the bottom,' said a third.
`How are we to do that, when the roots have made a deep hole, and above that is a high bank?' replied a fourth. `No; the only way I can think of, is to burn a large hole in the trunk.' And this they did, but the trunk was very thick, and would not burn through.
`It is no use, we must give it up,' they agreed at last. `After all, nobody need ever know! We have been away such a long while that we might easily have had all sorts of adventures.' And so the whole company turned homewards again.
They took even longer to go back than they had to come, for they were tired and footsore with their journey. When they drew near the camp they plucked up their courage, and began to sing a war-song. At this the villagers came flocking to see what spoils the turtles had won, but, as they approached, each turtle seized some one by the wrist, exclaiming: `You are our spoils; you are our prisoners!'
`Now that I have got you I will keep you,' said the leader, who had happened to seize his betrothed.
Everybody was naturally very angry at this behaviour, and the girl most of all, and in her secret heart she determined to have her revenge. But, just at present, the turtles were too strong, so the prisoners had to put on their smartest slippers and their brightest clothes, and dance a war dance while the turtles sang. They danced so long that it seemed as if they would never stop, till the turtle who was leading the singing suddenly broke into aloud chant,
Whoever comes here, will die, will die.
At this all the dancers grew so frightened that they burst through the ring of their captors, and ran back to the village, the turtles following-very slowly. On the way the chief turtle met a man, who said to him,
`That woman who was to have been your wife has married another man!'
`Is that true?' said the turtle. `Then I must see him.'
But as soon as the villager was out of sight the turtle stopped, and taking a bundle containing fringes and ornaments from his back, he hung them about him, so that they rattled as he walked. When he was quite close to the but where the woman lived, he cried out,
`Here I am to claim the woman who promised to be my wife.'
`Oh, here is the turtle,' whispered the husband hurriedly; `what is to be done now?'
`Leave that to me; I will manage him,' replied the wife, and at that moment the turtle came in, and seized her by the wrist. `Come with me,' he said sternly.
`You broke your promise,' answered she. `You said you would be back soon, and it is more than a year since you went! How was I to know that you were alive?'
At her words the husband took courage, and spoke hastily,
`Yes, you promised you would go to war and bring back some prisoners, and you have not done it.'
`I did go, and made many prisoners,' retorted the turtle angrily, drawing out his knife. `Look here, if she won't be nay wife, she sha'n't be yours. I will cut her in two; and you shall have one half, and I the other.'
`But half a woman is no use to me,' answered the man. `If you want her so much you had better take her.' And the turtle, followed by his relations, carried her off to his own hut.
Now the woman saw she would gain nothing by being sulky, so she pretended to be very glad to have got rid of her husband; but all the while she was trying to invent a plan to deliver herself from the turtle. At length she remembered that one of her friends had a large iron pot, and when the turtle had gone to his room to put away his fringes, she ran over to her neighbour's and brought it back. Then she filled it with water and hung it over the fire to boil. It was just beginning to bubble and hiss when the turtle entered.
`What are you doing there?' asked he, for he was always afraid of things that he did not understand.
`Just warming some water,' she answered. `Do you know how to swim?'
`Yes, of course I do. What a question! But what does it matter to you?' said the turtle, more suspicious than ever.
`Oh, I only thought that after your long journey you might like to wash. The roads are so muddy, after the winter's rains. I could rub your shell for you till it was bright and shining again.
`Well, I am rather muddy. If one is fighting, you know, one cannot stop to pick one's way. I should certainly be more comfortable if my back was washed.'
The woman did not wait for him to change his mind. She caught him up by his shell and popped him straight into the pot, where he sank to the bottom, and died instantly.
The other turtles, who were standing at the door, saw their leader disappear, and felt it was their duty as soldiers to follow him; and, springing into the pot, died too. All but one young turtle, who, frightened at not seeing any of his friends come out again, went as fast as he could to a clump of bushes, and from there made his way to the river. His only thought was to get away as far as possible from that dreadful but; so he let the river carry him where it was going itself, and at last, one day, he found himself in the warm sea, where, if he is not dead, you may meet him still.
The Two Frogs
Once upon a time in the country of Japan there lived two frogs, one of whom made his home in a ditch near the town of Osaka, on the sea coast, while the other dwelt in a clear little stream which ran through the city of Kioto. At such a great distance apart, they had never even heard of each other; but, funnily enough, the idea came into both their heads at once that they should like to see a little of the world, and the frog who lived at Kioto wanted to visit Osaka, and the frog who lived at Osaka wished to go to Kioto, where the great Mikado had his palace.
So one fine morning in the spring they both set out along the road that led from Kioto to Osaka, one from one end and the other from the other. The journey was more tiring than they expected, for they did not know much about travelling, and half way between the two towns there arose a mountain which had to be climbed. It took them a long time and a great many hops to reach the top, but there they were at last, and what was the surprise of each to see another frog before him! They looked at each other for a moment without speaking, and then fell into conversation, explaining the cause of their meeting so far from their homes. It was delightful to find that they both felt the same wish--to learn a little more of their native country--and as there was no sort of hurry they stretched themselves out in a cool, damp place, and agreed that they would have a good rest before they parted to go their ways.
'What a pity we are not bigger,' said the Osaka frog; 'for then we could see both towns from here, and tell if it is worth our while going on.'
'Oh, that is easily managed,' returned the Kioto frog. 'We have only got to stand up on our hind legs, and hold on to each other, and then we can each look at the town he is travelling to.'
This idea pleased the Osaka frog so much that he at once jumped up and put his front paws on the shoulders of his friend, who had risen also. There they both stood, stretching themselves as high as they could, and holding each other tightly, so that they might not fall down. The Kioto frog turned his nose towards Osaka, and the Osaka frog turned his nose towards Kioto; but the foolish things forgot that when they stood up their great eyes lay in the backs of their heads, and that though their noses might point to the places to which they wanted to go their eyes beheld the places from which they had come.
'Dear me!' cried the Osaka frog, 'Kioto is exactly like Osaka. It is certainly not worth such a long journey. I shall go home!'
'If I had had any idea that Osaka was only a copy of Kioto I should never have travelled all this way,' exclaimed the frog from Kioto, and as he spoke he took his hands from his friend's shoulders, and they both fell down on the grass. Then they took a polite farewell of each other, and set off for home again, and to the end of their lives they believed that Osaka and Kioto, which are as different to look at as two towns can be, were as like as two peas.
A Valentine Party
The children had a valentine party, the very nicest party,--they all declared, that they had ever been to in their lives. All the cousins in the neighborhood--and there were a lot of them--were there.
What fun they had opening their valentines, which a "really" postman brought with his gray uniform and his whistle and his great leather pack.
"Dear me," he said, pretending to groan, as he handed the missives, "if you had a party every day here I think I should be completey worn out!" But his eyes twinkled merrily.
Such shouts and exclamations as the valentines were opened and read! And such fun looking at everybody else's. Here are two, Bessie's and Fred's:--
I'm for the boy Who can stand on his head, And who NEVER likes To go to bed. If there's more than one of them,-- I'm for FRED!
I bring a kiss From far away; It's travelled many Miles to-day.
Take it, my dear, And send one back To your old, loving Uncle Jack.
Don't you think that the children OUGHT to have had a good time if all received as dear little valentines as these?
(from Cinderella or, the Little Glass Slipper and Other Stories )
The Voice of Death
ONCE upon a time there lived a man whose one wish and prayer was to get rich. Day and night he thought of nothing else, and at last his prayers were granted, and he became very wealthy. Now being so rich, and having so much to lose, he felt that it would be a terrible thing to die and leave all his possessions behind; so he made up his mind to set out in search of a land where there was no death. He got ready for his journey, took leave of his wife, and started. Whenever he came to a new country the first question that he asked was whether people died in that land, and when he heard that they did, he set out again on his quest. At last he reached a country where he was told that the people did not even know the meaning of the word death. Our traveller was delighted when he heard this, and said:
`But surely there are great numbers of people in your land, if no one ever dies?'
`No,' they replied, `there are not great numbers, for you see from time to time a voice is heard calling first one and then another, and whoever hears that voice gets up and goes away, and never comes back.'
`And do they see the person who calls them,' he asked, `or do they only hear his voice?'
`They both see and hear him,' was the answer.
Well, the man was amazed when he heard that the people were stupid enough to follow the voice, though they knew that if they went when it called them they would never return. And he went back to his own home and got all his possessions together, and, taking his wife and family, he set out resolved to go and live in that country where the people did not die, but where instead they heard a voice calling them, which they followed into a land from which they never returned. For he had made up his own mind that when he or any of his family heard that voice they would pay no heed to it, however loudly it called.
After he had settled down in his new home, and had got everything in order about him, he warned his wife and family that, unless they wanted to die, they must on no account listen to a voice which they might some day hear calling them.
For some years everything went well with them, and they lived happily in their new home. But one day, while they were all sit- ting together round the table, his wife suddenly started up, exclaiming in a loud voice:
`I am coming! I am coming!'
And she began to look round the room for her fur coat, but her husband jumped up, and taking firm hold of her by the hand, held her fast, and reproached her, saying:
`Don't you remember what I told you? Stay where you are unless you wish to die.'
`But don't you hear that voice calling me?' she answered. `I am merely going to see why I am wanted. I shall come back directly.'
So she fought and struggled to get away from her husband, and to go where the voice summoned. But he would not let her go, and had all the doors of the house shut and bolted. When she saw that he had done this, she said:
`Very well, dear husband, I shall do what you wish, and remain where I am.'
So her husband believed that it was all right, and that she had thought better of it, and had got over her mad impulse to obey the voice. But a few minutes later she made a sudden dash for one of the doors, opened it and darted out, followed by her husband. He caught her by the fur coat, and begged and implored her not to go, for if she did she would certainly never return. She said nothing, but let her arms fall backwards, and suddenly bending herself forward, she slipped out of the coat, leaving it in her husband's hands. He, poor man, seemed turned to stone as he gazed after her hurrying away from him, and calling at the top of her voice, as she ran:
`I am coming! I am coming!'
When she was quite out of sight her husband recovered his wits and went back into his house, murmuring:
`If she is so foolish as to wish to die, I can't help it. I warned and implored her to pay no heed to that voice, however loudly it might call.'
Well, days and weeks and months and years passed, and nothing happened to disturb the peace of the household. But one day the man was at the barber's as usual, being shaved. The shop was full of people, and his chin had just been covered with a lather of soap, when, suddenly starting up from the chair, he called out in a loud voice:
`I won't come, do you hear? I won't come!'
The barber and the other people in the shop listened to him with amazement. But again looking towards the door, he exclaimed:
`I tell you, once and for all, I do not mean to come, so go away.'
And a few minutes later he called out again:
`Go away, I tell you, or it will be the worse for you. You may call as much as you like but you will never get me to come.'
And he got so angry that you might have thought that some one was actually standing at the door, tormenting him. At last he jumped up, and caught the razor out of the barber's hand, exclaiming:
`Give me that razor, and I'll teach him to let people alone for the future.'
And he rushed out of the house as if he were running after some one, whom no one else saw. The barber, determined not to lose his razor, pursued the man, and they both continued running at full speed till they had got well out of the town, when all of a sudden the man fell head foremost down a precipice, and never was seen again. So he too, like the others, had been forced against his will to follow the voice that called him.
The barber, who went home whistling and congratulating himself on the escape he had made, described what had happened, and it was noised abroad in the country that the people who had gone away, and had never returned, had all fallen into that pit; for till then they had never known what had happened to those who had heard the voice and obeyed its call.
But when crowds of people went out from the town to examine the ill-fated pit that had swallowed up such numbers, and yet never seemed to be full, they could discover nothing. All that they could see was a vast plain, that looked as if it had been there since the beginning of the world. And from that time the people of the country began to die like ordinary mortals all the world over.
(Roumanian Tales from the German of Mite Thremnitz.)
The Wedding of Mrs Fox
First Story
There was once upon a time an old fox with nine tails, who believed that his wife was not faithful to him, and wished to put her to the test. He stretched himself out under the bench, did not move a limb, and behaved as if he were stone dead. Mrs Fox went up to her room, shut herself in, and her maid, Miss Cat, sat by the fire, and did the cooking. When it became known that the old fox was dead, suitors presented themselves. The maid heard someone standing at the house- door, knocking. She went and opened it, and it was a young fox, who said:
'What may you be about, Miss Cat? Do you sleep or do you wake?'
She answered:
'I am not sleeping, I am waking, Would you know what I am making? I am boiling warm beer with butter, Will you be my guest for supper?'
'No, thank you, miss,' said the fox, 'what is Mrs Fox doing?' The maid replied:
'She is sitting in her room, Moaning in her gloom, Weeping her little eyes quite red, Because old Mr Fox is dead.'
'Do just tell her, miss, that a young fox is here, who would like to woo her.' 'Certainly, young sir.'
The cat goes up the stairs trip, trap, The door she knocks at tap, tap, tap, 'Mistress Fox, are you inside?' 'Oh, yes, my little cat,' she cried. 'A wooer he stands at the door out there.' 'What does he look like, my dear?'
'Has he nine as beautiful tails as the late Mr Fox?' 'Oh, no,' answered the cat, 'he has only one.' 'Then I will not have him.'
Miss Cat went downstairs and sent the wooer away. Soon afterwards there was another knock, and another fox was at the door who wished to woo Mrs Fox. He had two tails, but he did not fare better than the first. After this still more came, each with one tail more than the other, but they were all turned away, until at last one came who had nine tails, like old Mr Fox. When the widow heard that, she said joyfully to the cat:
'Now open the gates and doors all wide, And carry old Mr Fox outside.'
But just as the wedding was going to be solemnized, old Mr Fox stirred under the bench, and cudgelled all the rabble, and drove them and Mrs Fox out of the house.
Second Story
When old Mr Fox was dead, the wolf came as a suitor, and knocked at the door, and the cat who was servant to Mrs Fox, opened it for him. The wolf greeted her, and said:
'Good day, Mrs Cat of Kehrewit, How comes it that alone you sit? What are you making good?'
The cat replied:
'In milk I'm breaking bread so sweet, Will you be my guest, and eat?'
'No, thank you, Mrs Cat,' answered the wolf. 'Is Mrs Fox not at home?'
The cat said:
'She sits upstairs in her room, Bewailing her sorrowful doom, Bewailing her trouble so sore, For old Mr Fox is no more.'
The wolf answered:
'If she's in want of a husband now, Then will it please her to step below?' The cat runs quickly up the stair, And lets her tail fly here and there, Until she comes to the parlour door. With her five gold rings at the door she knocks: 'Are you within, good Mistress Fox? If you're in want of a husband now, Then will it please you to step below?
Mrs Fox asked: 'Has the gentleman red stockings on, and has he a pointed mouth?' 'No,' answered the cat. 'Then he won't do for me.'
When the wolf was gone, came a dog, a stag, a hare, a bear, a lion, and all the beasts of the forest, one after the other. But one of the good qualities which old Mr Fox had possessed, was always lacking, and the cat had continually to send the suitors away. At length came a young fox. Then Mrs Fox said: 'Has the gentleman red stockings on, and has a little pointed mouth?' 'Yes,' said the cat, 'he has.' 'Then let him come upstairs,' said Mrs Fox, and ordered the servant to prepare the wedding feast.
'Sweep me the room as clean as you can, Up with the window, fling out my old man! For many a fine fat mouse he brought, Yet of his wife he never thought, But ate up every one he caught.'
Then the wedding was solemnized with young Mr Fox, and there was much rejoicing and dancing; and if they have not left off, they are dancing still.
(from Fairy Tales , by The Brothers Grimm, translated by Edgar Taylor and Marian Edwardes)
The White Hare and the Crocodiles
Long, long ago. when all the animals could talk, there lived in the province of Inaba in Japan, a little white hare. His home was on the island of Oki, and just across the sea was the mainland of Inaba.
Now the hare wanted very much to cross over to Inaba. Day after day he would go out and sit on the shore and look longingly over the water in the direction of Inaba. and day after day he hoped to find some way of getting across.
One day as usual, the hare was standing on the beach, looking towards the mainland across the water, when he saw a great crocodile swimming near the island.
"This is very lucky!" thought the hare. "Now I shall be able to get my wish. I will ask the crocodile to carry me across the sea!"
But he was doubtful whether the crocodile would consent to do what wanted. So he thought instead of asking a favor he would try to get what he wanted by a trick.
So with a loud voice he called to the crocodile, and said:
"Oh, Mr. Crocodile, isn't it a lovely day?"
The crocodile, who had come out all by itself that day to enjoy the bright sunshine, was just beginning to feel a bit lonely when the hare's cheerful greeting broke the silence. The crocodile swam nearer the shore, very pleased to hear some one speak.
"I wonder who it was that spoke to me just now! Was it you, Mr. Hare? You must be very lonely all by yourself!"
"Oh, no, I am not at all lonely," said the hare, "but as it was such a fine day I came out here to enjoy myself. Won't you stop and play with me a little while?"
The crocodile came out of the sea and sat on the shore, and the two played together for some time. Then the hare said:
"Mr. Crocodile, you live in the sea and I live on this island, and we do not often meet, so I know very little about you. Tell me, do you think the number of your company is greater than mine?"
"Of course, there are more crocodiles than hares," answered the crocodile. "Can you not see that for yourself? You live on this small island, while I live in the sea, which spreads through all parts of the world, so if I call together all the crocodiles who dwell in the sea you hares will be as nothing compared to us!" The crocodile was very conceited.
The hare, who meant to play a trick on the crocodile, said:
"Do you think it possible for you to call up enough crocodiles to form a line from this island across the sea to Inaba?"
The crocodile thought for a moment and then answered:
"Of course, it is possible."
"Then do try," said the artful hare, "and I will count the number from here!"
The crocodile, who was very simple-minded, and who hadn't the least idea that the hare intended to play a trick on him, agreed to do what the hare asked, and said:
"Wait a little while I go back into the sea and call my company together!"
The crocodile plunged into the sea and was gone for some time. The hare, meanwhile, waited patiently on the shore. At last the crocodile appeared, bringing with him a large number of other crocodiles.
"Look, Mr. Hare!" said the crocodile, "it is nothing for my friends to form a line between here and Inaba. There are enough crocodiles to stretch from here even as far as China or India. Did you ever see so many crocodiles?"
Then the whole company of crocodiles arranged themselves in the water so as to form a bridge between the Island of Oki and the mainland of Inaba. When the hare saw the bridge of crocodiles, he said:
"How splendid! I did not believe this was possible. Now let me count you all! To do this, however, with your permission, I must walk over on your backs to the other side, so please be so good as not to move, or else I shall fall into the sea and be drowned!"
So the hare hopped off the island on to the strange bridge of crocodiles, counting as he jumped from one crocodile's back to the other:
"Please keep quite still, or I shall not be able to count. One, two, three, four, five, six. seven, eight, nine--"
Thus the cunning hare walked right across to the mainland of Inaba. Not content with getting his wish, he began to jeer at the crocodiles instead of thanking them, and said, as he leapt off the last one's back:
"Oh! you stupid crocodiles, now I have done with you!"
And he was just about to run away as fast as he could. But he did not escape so easily, for so soon as the crocodiles understood that this was a trick played upon them by the hare so as to enable him to cross the sea, and that the hare was now laughing at them for their stupidity, they became furiously angry and made up their minds to take revenge. So some of them ran after the hare and caught him. Then they all surrounded the poop little animal and pulled out all his fur. He cried out loudly and entreated them to spare him, but with each tuft of fur they pulled out they said:
"Serve you right!"
When the crocodiles had pulled out the last bit of fur, they threw the poor hare on the beach, and all swam away laughing at what they had done.
The hare was now in a pitiful plight, all his beautiful white fur had been pulled out, and his bare little body was quivering with pain and bleeding all over. He could hardly move, and all he could do was to lie on the beach quite helpless and weep over the misfortune that had befallen him. Notwithstanding that it was his own fault that had brought all this misery and suffering upon the white hare of Inaba, any one seeing the poor little creature could not help feeling sorry for him in his sad condition, for the crocodiles had been very cruel in their revenge.
Just at this time a number of men, who looked like King's sons, happened to pass by, and seeing the hare lying on the beach crying, stopped and asked what was the matter.
The hare lifted up his head from between his paws, and answered them, saying:
"I had a fight with some crocodiles, but I was beaten, and they pulled out all my fur and left me to suffer here--that is why I am crying."
Now one of these young men had a bad and spiteful disposition. But he feigned kindness, and said to the hare:
"I feel very sorry for you. If you will only try it, I know of a remedy which will cure your sore body. Go and bathe yourself in the sea, and then come and sit in the wind. This will make your fur grow again, and you will be just as you were before."
Then all the young men passed on. The hare was very pleased, thinking that he had found a cure. He went and bathed in the sea and then came out and sat where the wind could blow upon him.
But as the wind blew and dried him, his skin became drawn and hardened, and the salt increased the pain so much that he rolled on the sand in his agony and cried aloud.
Just then another King's son passed by, carrying a great bag on his back. He saw the hare, and stopped and asked why he was crying so loudly.
But the poor hare, remembering that he had been deceived by one very like the man who now spoke to him, did not answer, but continued to cry.
But this man had a kind heart, and looked at the hare very pityingly, and said:
"You poor thing! I see that your fur is all pulled out and that your skin is quite bare. Who can have treated you so cruelly?"
When the hare heard these kind words he felt very grateful to the man, and encouraged by his gentle manner the hare told him all that had befallen him. The little animal hid nothing from his friend, but told him frankly how he had played a trick on the crocodiles and how he had come across the bridge they had made, thinking that he wished to count their number: how he had jeered at them for their stupidity, and then how the crocodiles had revenged themselves on him. Then he went on to say how he had been deceived by a party of men who looked very like his kind friend: and the hare ended his long tale of woe by begging the man to give him some medicine that would cure him and make his fur grow again.
When the hare had finished his story, the man was full of pity towards him, and said:
"I am very sorry for all you have suffered, but remember, it was only the consequence of the deceit you practiced on the crocodiles."
"I know," answered the sorrowful hare, "but I have repented and made up my mind never to use deceit again, so I beg you to show me how I may cure my sore body and make the fur grow again."
"Then I will tell you of a good remedy," said the man. "First go and bathe well in that pond over there and try to wash all the salt from your body. Then pick some of those kaba flowers that are growing near the edge of the water, spread them on the ground and roll yourself on them. If you do this the pollen will cause your fur to grow again, and you will be quite well in a little while."
The hare was very glad to be told what to do, so kindly. He crawled to the pond pointed out to him, bathed well in it, and then picked the kaba flowers growing near the water, and rolled himself on them.
To his amazement, even while he was doing this, he saw his nice white fur growing again, the pain ceased, and he felt just as he had done before all his misfortunes.
The hare was overjoyed at his quick recovery, and went hopping joyfully towards the young man who had so helped him, and kneeling down at his feet, said:
"I cannot express my thanks for all you have done for me! It is my earnest wish to do something for you in return. Please tell me who you are?"
"I am no King's son as you think me. I am a fairy, and my name is Okuni-nushi-no-Mikoto," answered the man, "and those beings who passed here before me are my brothers. They have heard of a beautiful Princess called Yakami who lives in this province of Inaba, and they are on their way to find her and to ask her to marry one of them. But on this expedition I am only an attendant, so I am walking behind them with this great big bag on my back."
The hare humbled himself before this great fairy Okuni-nushi-no- Mikoto, whom many in that part of the land worshiped as a god.
"Oh, I did not know that you were Okuni-nushi-no-Mikoto. How kind you have been to me! It is impossible to believe that that unkind fellow who sent me to bathe in the sea is one of your brothers. I am quite sure that the Princess, whom your brothers have gone to seek, will refuse to be the bride of any of them, and will prefer you for your goodness of heart. I am quite sure that you will win her heart without intending to do so, and she will ask to be your bride."
Okuni-nushi-no-Mikoto took no notice of what the hare said, but bidding the little animal goodby, went on his way quickly and soon overtook his brothers. He found them just entering the Princess's gate.
Just as the hare had said, the Princess could not be persuaded to become the bride of any of the brothers, but when she looked at the kind brother's face she went straight up to him and said:
"To you I give myself," and so they were married.
This is the end of the story. Okuni-nushi-no-Mikoto is worshiped by the people in some parts of Japan, as a god, and the hare has become famous as "The White Hare of Inaba." But what became of the crocodiles nobody knows.
(from Japanese Fairy Tales , compiled by Yei Theodora Ozaki)
Why the Sea Is Salt
by Sara Cone Bryant
Once there were two brothers. One was rich, and one was poor; the rich one was rather mean. When the Poor Brother used to come to ask for things it annoyed him, and finally one day he said, "There, I'll give it to you this time, but the next time you want anything, you can go Below for it!"
Presently the Poor Brother did want something, and he knew it wasn't any use to go to his brother; he must go Below for it. So he went, and he went, and he went, till he came Below.
It was the queerest place! There were red and yellow fires burning all around, and kettles of boiling oil hanging over them, and a queer sort of men standing round, poking the fires. There was a Chief Man; he had a long curly tail that curled up behind, and two ugly little horns just over his ears; and one foot was very queer indeed. And as soon as anyone came in the door, these men would catch him up and put him over one of the fires, and turn him on a spit. And then the Chief Man, who was the worst of all, would come and say, "Eh, how do you feel now? How do you feel now?" And of course the poor people screamed and screeched and said, "Let us out! Let us out!" That was just what the Chief Man wanted.
When the Poor Brother came in, they picked him up at once, and put him over one of the hottest fires, and began to turn him round and round like the rest; and of course the Chief Man came up to him and said, "Eh, how do you feel now? How do you feel now?" But the Poor Brother did not say, "Let me out! Let me out!" He said, "Pretty well, thank you."
The Chief Man grunted and said to the other men, "Make the fire hotter." But the next time he asked the Poor Brother how he felt, the Poor Brother smiled and said. "Much better now, thank you." The Chief Man did not like this at all, because, of course, the whole object in life of the people Below was to make their victims uncomfortable. So he piled on more fuel and made the fire hotter still. But every time he asked the Poor Brother how he felt, the Poor Brother would say, "Very much better"; and at last he said, "Perfectly comfortable, thank you; couldn't be better."
You see when the Poor Brother was on earth he had never once had money enough to buy coal enough to keep him warm; so he liked the heat.
At last the Chief Man could stand it no longer.
"Oh, look here," he said, "you can go home."
"Oh no, thank you," said the Poor Brother, "I like it here."
"You MUST go home," said the Chief Man
"But I won't go home," said the Poor Brother.
The Chief Man went away and talked with the other men; but no matter what they did they could not make the Poor Brother uncomfortable; so at last the Chief Man came back and said,--
"What'll you take to go home?"
"What have you got?" said the Poor Brother.
"Well," said the Chief Man, "if you'll go home quietly I'll give you the Little Mill that stands behind my door."
"What's the good of it?" said the Poor Brother.
"It is the most wonderful mill in the world," said the Chief Man. "Anything at all that you want, you have only to name it, and say, `Grind this, Little Mill, and grind quickly,' and the Mill will grind that thing until you say the magic word, to stop it."
"That sounds nice," said the Poor Brother. "I'll take it." And he took the Little Mill under his arm, and went up, and up, and up, till he came to his own house.
When he was in front of his little old hut, he put the Little Mill down on the ground and said to it, "Grind a fine house, Little Mill, and grind quickly." And the Little Mill ground, and ground, and ground the finest house that ever was seen. It had fine big chimneys, and gable windows, and broad piazzas; and just as the Little Mill ground the last step of the last flight of steps, the Poor Brother said the magic word, and it stopped.
Then he took it round to where the barn was, and said, "Grind cattle, Little Mill, and grind quickly." And the Little Mill ground, and ground, and ground, and out came great fat cows, and little woolly lambs, and fine little pigs; and just as the Little Mill ground the last curl on the tail of the last little pig, the Poor Brother said the magic word, and it stopped.
He did the same thing with crops for his cattle, pretty clothes for his daughters, and everything else they wanted. At last he had everything he wanted, and so he stood the Little Mill behind his door.
All this time the Rich Brother had been getting more and more jealous, and at last he came to ask the Poor Brother how he had grown so rich. The Poor Brother told him all about it. He said, "It all comes from that Little Mill behind my door. All I have to do when I want anything is to name it to the Little Mill, and say, `Grind that, Little Mill, and grind quickly,' and the Little Mill will grind that thing until----"
But the Rich Brother didn't wait to hear any more. "Will you lend me the Little Mill?" he said.
"Why, yes," said the Poor Brother, "I will."
So the Rich Brother took the Little Mill under his arm and started across the fields to his house. When he got near home he saw the farm-hands coming in from the fields for their luncheon. Now, you remember, he was rather mean. He thought to himself, "It is a waste of good time for them to come into the house; they shall have their porridge where they are." He called all the men to him, and made them bring their porridge-bowls. Then he set the Little Mill down on the ground, and said to it, "Grind oatmeal porridge, Little Mill, and grind quickly!" The Little Mill ground, and ground, and ground, and out came delicious oatmeal porridge. Each man held his bowl under the spout. When the last bowl was filled, the porridge ran over on the ground.
"That's enough, Little Mill," said the Rich Brother. "You may stop, and stop quickly."
But this was not the magic word, and the Little Mill did not stop. It ground, and ground, and ground, and the porridge ran all round and made a little pool. The Rich Brother said, "No, no, Little Mill, I said, `Stop grinding, and stop quickly.'" But the Little Mill ground, and ground, faster than ever; and presently there was a regular pond of porridge, almost up to their knees. The Rich Brother said, "Stop grinding," in every kind of way; he called the Little Mill names; but nothing did any good. The Little Mill ground porridge just the same. At last the men said, "Go and get your brother to stop the Little Mill, or we shall be drowned in porridge."
So the Rich Brother started for his brother's house. He had to swim before he got there, and the porridge went up his sleeves, and down his neck, and it was horrid and sticky. His brother laughed when he heard the story, but he came with him, and they took a boat and rowed across the lake of porridge to where the Little Mill was grinding. And then the Poor Brother whispered the magic word, and the Little Mill stopped.
But the porridge was a long time soaking into the ground, and nothing would ever grow there afterwards except oatmeal.
The Rich Brother didn't seem to care much about the Little Mill after this, so the Poor Brother took it home again and put it behind the door; and there it stayed a long, long while.
Years afterwards a Sea Captain came there on a visit. He told such big stories that the Poor Brother said, "Oh, I daresay you have seen wonderful things, but I don't believe you ever saw anything more wonderful than the Little Mill that stands behind my door."
"What is wonderful about that?" said the Sea Captain.
"Why," said the Poor Brother, "anything in the world you want,--you have only to name it to the Little Mill and say, `Grind that, Little Mill, and grind quickly,' and it will grind that thing until----"
The Sea Captain didn't wait to hear another word. "Will you lend me that Little Mill?" he said eagerly.
The Poor Brother smiled a little, but he said, "Yes," and the Sea Captain took the Little Mill under his arm, and went on board his ship and sailed away.
They had head-winds and storms, and they were so long at sea that some of the food gave out. Worst of all, the salt gave out. It was dreadful, being without salt. But the Captain happened to remember the Little Mill.
"Bring up the salt box!" he said to the cook. "We will have salt enough."
He set the Little Mill on deck, put the salt box under the spout, and said,--
"Grind salt, Little Mill, and grind quickly!"
And the Little Mill ground beautiful, white, powdery salt. When they had enough, the Captain said, "Now you may stop, Little Mill, and stop quickly." The Little Mill kept on grinding; and the salt began to pile up in little heaps on the deck. "I said, `Stop,'" said the Captain. But the Little Mill ground, and ground, faster than ever, and the salt was soon thick on the deck like snow. The Captain called the Little Mill names and told it to stop, in every language he knew, but the Little Mill went on grinding. The salt covered all the decks and poured down into the hold, and at last the ship began to settle in the water; salt is very heavy. But just before the ship sank to the water-line, the Captain had a bright thought: he threw the Little Mill overboard!
It fell right down to the bottom of the sea. AND IT HAS BEAN GRINDING SALT EVER SINCE.
from How to Tell Stories to Children, and Some Stories to Tell , by Sara Cone Bryant
The Wise Goat
A goat was on top of a high cliff eating grass.
A wolf was at the foot of the cliff looking at him. He wanted the goat for his supper, but he could not climb the steep cliff.
"Come down here," said the wolf. "The grass is much better here. See how much of it there is."
"Thank you," said the goat. "You may have all of that good grass yourself, but you shall not eat me."
(from Fifty Famous Fables , by Lida Brown McMurry)
The Young Fox
"You may hunt with me now, Reynard," said a wise old fox to his young son. "It is time that you were beginning to make your living."
"That pleases me well," said Reynard. "I should not mind going out alone."
"You are not ready yet to go by yourself. There are many things that I must teach you first. Do not go without me."
Reynard said nothing, but the next day, when his father was asleep, he went out into the field and brought home a nice, fat partridge.
He wakened his father by a quick bark and said, "See what I have caught. I do not need to go with you."
"You do not know what you need," replied his father. "No wise fox hunts in the daytime."
But Reynard did not mind what his father said, and every day he went out hunting. He killed so many chickens, turkeys and ducks that everyone tried to catch him.
One night the old fox started out alone, but Reynard crept slowly after him. The old fox went toward a large farmhouse. He stopped suddenly in the path and waited; then he ran on quickly.
Reynard followed. He stopped at the same place where the old fox had stopped.
"What is this?" he said. "A fine white turkey down in the grass! Well, well, is my father losing his sharp sight and his keen scent? I shall not let such a prize get away from me!"
He sprang upon the turkey. The trap gave a loud snap, and Reynard was a prisoner.
"What a fool I am!" he said. "I saw the bait. My father saw the trap."
(from Fifty Famous Fables , by Lida Brown McMurry)
A Troublesome Call
We were going, on Saturday, ever so far,-- My mamma and I,--to the Dollies' Bazaar, Where fifty wax dollies,--the loveliest show, Went walking about when they wound 'em, you know.
You wouldn't believe half the things they could do: Why, one said "Good morning," as plainly as you. One played the piano, and one, dressed in lace, Walked up to a mirror and powdered her face.
Well, when we were ready we stepped in the hall, And there was a lady a-coming to call. She said she just chanced to be passing that way, And she really had only a minute to stay.
We waited and waited, and hoped she would go, Till I saw it was almost the time for the show, For I heard the clocks striking all over the town, And I knew that the dollies would all be run down.
And so I just said, "I should s'pose, Mrs. Black, Your little girl wonders why don't you come back." That's all that I spoke, every 'dentical word; But she said, "Little girls should be seen and not heard."
I guess that's a proverb, so maybe 'tis true; But, if people won't see, what can little girls do? My mamma looked queer, but that ended the call, And we went to the Dollies' Bazaar, after all.
(from Cinderella or, the Little Glass Slipper and Other Stories )
The Tortoise and the Ducks
"Take me with you, please," called a tortoise to a gray duck and a white duck that were flying over.
The ducks heard the tortoise and flew down toward him.
"Do you really wish to go with us?" asked the ducks as they came to the ground near the tortoise.
"I surely do," replied the tortoise. "Will you please take me?"
"Why, yes, I think we can do so," said the white duck slowly.
The two ducks talked together in low tones for a few minutes. Then they flew to the woods. They soon brought back a strong twig and dropped it in front of the tortoise.
"Now," said the ducks, "if we take you off to see the world, you must promise us one thing."
"What is that?" asked the tortoise. "I will promise almost anything if you will let me go."
"You must promise not to say one word while you are in the air, not one word ," replied the ducks.
"All right, I promise," said the tortoise. "Sometimes I do not say a word for a whole day because there is no one to listen to me."
"Well, take firm hold of the middle of the twig; we are ready to start," said the gray duck.
"If you value your life, you must hold on tightly," said the white duck.
The tortoise took hold of the middle of the twig and each duck took hold of one end.
Then they flew up! up! up! while the tortoise swung from the middle of the twig. How he enjoyed it! He had never had such a ride.
They had gone a long way safely when they came to a hayfield. The haymakers looked up and saw the ducks and the tortoise.
"Ho! ho! the tortoise has stolen some wings," called one of the haymakers.
"What a queer carriage he has!" laughed another in a loud voice.
"I pity his horses," said another.
This made the tortoise so angry that he cried out, "You--" but no one knows what he was going to say, for he fell to the ground and was killed.
[Footnote: Adapted from The Tortoise and the Geese, in a book of the same name published by Houghton, Mifflin Co.]
(from Fifty Famous Fables , by Lida Brown McMurry)
Thanksgiving Day
(LAST THURSDAY IN NOVEMBER)
The First Harvest-home in Plymouth
By W. De Loss Love, Jr (Adapted)
After prayer and fasting and a farewell feast, the Pilgrim Fathers left the City of Leyden, and sought the new and unknown land. ``So they lefte y goodly & pleasante citie,'' writes their historian Bradford, ``which had been ther resting place near 12 years, but they knew they were pilgrimes & looked not much on those things, but lift up their eyes to y Heavens their dearest cuntrie, and quieted their spirits.''
When, after many vexing days upon the deep, the pilgrims first sighted the New World, they were filled with praise and thanksgiving. Going ashore they fell upon their knees and blessed the God of Heaven. And after that, whenever they were delivered from accidents or despair, they gave God ``solemne thanks and praise.'' Such were the Pilgrims and such their habit day by day.
The first winter in the New World was marked by great suffering and want. Hunger and illness thinned the little colony, and caused many graves to be made on the near-by hillside.
The spring of 1621 opened. The seed was sown in the fields. The colonists cared for it without ceasing, and watched its growth with anxiety; for well they knew that their lives depended upon a full harvest.
The days of spring and summer flew by, and the autumn came. Never in Holland or England had the Pilgrims seen the like of the treasures bounteous Nature now spread before them. The woodlands were arrayed in gorgeous colors, brown, crimson, and gold, and swarmed with game of all kinds, that had been concealed during the summer. The little farm-plots had been blessed by the sunshine and showers, and now plentiful crops stood ready for the gathering. The Pilgrims, rejoicing, reaped the fruit of their labors, and housed it carefully for the winter. Then, filled with the spirit of thanksgiving, they held the first harvest-home in New England.
For one whole week they rested from work, feasted, exercised their arms, and enjoyed various recreations. Many Indians visited the colony, amongst these their greatest king, Massasoit, with ninety of his braves. The Pilgrims entertained them for three days. And the Indians went out into the woods and killed fine deer, which they brought to the colony and presented to the governor and the captain and others. So all made merry together.
And bountiful was the feast. Oysters, fish and wild turkey, Indian maize and barley bread, geese and ducks, venison and other savory meats, decked the board. Kettles, skillets, and spits were overworked, while knives and spoons, kindly assisted by fingers, made merry music on pewter plates. Wild grapes, ``very sweete and strong,'' added zest to the feast. As to the vegetables, why, the good governor describes them thus:--
``All sorts of grain which our own land doth yield,
Was hither brought, and sown in every field;
As wheat and rye, barley, oats, beans, and pease
Here all thrive and they profit from them raise;
All sorts of roots and herbs in gardens grow,--
Parsnips, carrots, turnips, or what you'll sow,
Onions, melons, cucumbers, radishes,
Skirets, beets, coleworts and fair cabbages.''
Thus a royal feast it was the Pilgrims spread that first golden autumn at Plymouth, a feast worthy of their Indian guests.
All slumbering discontents they smothered with common rejoicings. When the holiday was over, they were surely better, braver men because they had turned aside to rest awhile and be thankful together. So the exiles of Leyden claimed the harvests of New England.
This festival was the bursting into life of a new conception of man's dependence on God's gifts in Nature. It was the promise of autumnal Thanksgivings to come.
(from Good Stories for Great Holidays , by Frances Jenkins Olcott)
The Street Musicians
A MAN once possessed a donkey which had served him faithfully for many years, but at last the poor beast grew old and feeble, and every day his work became more of a burden. As he was no longer of any use, his master made up his mind to shoot him; but when the donkey learnt the fate that was in store for him, he determined not to die, but to run away to the nearest town and there to become a street musician.
When he had trotted along for some distance he came upon a greyhound lying on the road, and panting for dear life. "W ell, brother," said the donkey, "what's the matter with you? You look rather tired."
"So I am," replied the dog, "but because I am getting old and am growing weaker every day, and cannot go out hunting any longer, my master wanted to poison me; and, as life is still sweet, I have taken leave of him. But how I am to earn my own livelihood I haven't a notion."
"Well," said the donkey, "I am on my way to the nearest big town, where I mean to become a street musician. Why don't you take up music as a profession and come along with me? I'll play the flute and you can play the kettle-drum."
The greyhound was quite pleased at the idea, and the two set off together. When they had gone a short distance they met a cat with a face as long as three rainy days. "Now, what has happened to upset your happiness, fiend puss?" inquired the donkey.
"It's impossible to look cheerful when one feels depressed," answered the cat. "I am well up in years now, and have lost most of my teeth; consequently I prefer sitting in front of the fire to catching mice, and so my old mistress wanted to drown me. I have no wish to die yet, so I ran away from her; but good advice is expensive, and I don't know where I am to go to, or what I am to do."
"Come to the nearest big town with us," said the donkey, "and try your fortune as a street musician. I know what sweet music you make at night, so you are sure to be a success."
The cat was delighted with the donkey's proposal, and they all continued their journey together. In a short time they carne to the courtyard of an inn, where they found a ,cock crowing lustily. "What in the world is the matter with you?" asked the donkey. "The noise you are making is enough to break the drums of our ears."
"I am only prophesying good weather," said the cock; "for to-morrow is a feast day, and just because it is a holiday and a number of people are expected at the inn, the landlady has given orders for my neck to be wrung to-night, so that I may be made into soup for to-morrow's dinner."
"I'll tell you what, redcap," said the donkey; "you had much better come with us to the nearest town. You have got a good voice, and could join a street band we are getting up." The cock was much pleased with the idea, and the party proceeded on their way.
But the nearest big town was a long way off, and it took them more than a day to reach it. In the evening they came to a wood, and they made up their minds to go no further, but to spend the night there. The donkey and the greyhound lay down under a big tree, and the cat and the cock got up into the branches, the cock flying right up to the topmost twig, where he thought he would be safe from all danger. Before he went to sleep he looked round the four points of the compass, and saw a little spark burning in the distance. He called out to his companions that he was sure there must be a house not far off, for he could see a light shining.
When he heard this, the donkey said at once: "Then we must get up, and go and look for the house, for this is very poor shelter." And the greyhound added: 'Yes; I feel I'd be all the better for a few bones and a scrap or two of meat."
So they set out for the spot where the light was to be seen shining faintly in the distance, but the nearer they approached it the brighter it grew, till at last they came to a brilliantly lighted house. The donkey being the biggest of the party, went to the window and looked in.
"Well, greyhead, what do you see?" asked the cock.
"I see a well-covered table," replied the donkey, "with excellent food and drink, and several robbers are sitting round it, enjoying themselves highly."
"I wish we were doing the same," said the cock.
"So do I," answered the donkey. "Can't we think of some plan for turning out the robbers, and taking possession of the house ourselves?"
So they consulted together what they were to do, and at last they arranged that the donkey should stand at the window with his fore-feet on the sill, that the greyhound should get on his back, the cat on the dog's shoulder, and the cock on the cat's head. When they had grouped themselves in this way, at a given signal, they all began their different forms of music. The donkey brayed, the greyhound barked, the cat miawed, and the cock crew. Then they all scrambled through the window into the room, breaking the glass into a thousand pieces as they did so.
The robbers were all startled by the dreadful noise, and thinking that some evil spirits at the least were entering the house, they rushed out into the wood, their hair standing on end with terror. The four companions, delighted with the success of their trick, sat down at the table, and ate and drank all the food and wine that the robbers had left behind them.
When they had finished their meal they put out the lights, and each animal chose a suitable sleeping-place. The donkey lay down in the courtyard outside the house, the dog behind the door, the cat in front of the fire, and the cock flew up on to a high shelf, and, as they were all tired after their long day, they soon went to sleep.
Shortly after midnight, when the robbers saw that no light was burning in the house and that all seemed quiet, the captain of the band said: "We were fools to let ourselves be so easily frightened away;" and, turning to one of his men, he ordered him to go and see if all was safe.
The man found everything in silence and darkness, and going into the kitchen he thought he had better strike a light. He took a match, and mistaking the fiery eyes of the cat for two glowing coals, he tried to light his match with them. But the cat didn't see the joke, and sprang at his face, spitting and scratching him in the most vigorous manner. The man was terrified out of his life, and tried to run out by the back door; but he stumbled over the greyhound, which bit him in, the leg. Yelling with pain he ran across the courtyard only to receive a kick from the donkey's hind leg as he passed him. In the meantime the cock had been roused from his slumbers, and feeling very cheerful he called out, from the shelf where he was perched, "Kikeriki!"
Then the robber hastened back to his captain and said: 'Sir, there is a dreadful witch in the house, who spat at me and scratched my face with her long fingers; and before the door there stands a man with a long knife, who cut my leg severely. In the courtyard outside lies a black monster, who fell upon me with a huge wooden club; and that is not all, for, sitting on the roof, is a judge, who called out: "Bring the rascal to me." So I fled for dear life."
After this the robbers dared not venture into the house again, and they abandoned it for ever. But the four street musicians were so delighted with their lodgings that they determined to take up their abode in the robbers' house, and, for all I know to the contrary, they may be living there to this day.
(from The Grey Fairy Book by Andrew Lang)
The Sailor Man
Once upon a time, two children came to the house of a sailor man, who lived beside the salt sea; and they found the sailor man sitting in his doorway knotting ropes.
"How do you do?" asked the sailor man.
"We are very well, thank you," said the children, who had learned manners, "and we hope you are the same. We heard that you had a boat, and we thought that perhaps you would take us out in her, and teach us how to sail, for that is what we most wish to know."
"All in good time," said the sailor man. "I am busy now, but by-and-by, when my work is done, I may perhaps take one of you if you are ready to learn. Meantime here are some ropes that need knotting; you might be doing that, since it has to be done." And he showed them how the knots should be tied, and went away and left them.
When he was gone the first child ran to the window and looked out.
"There is the sea," he said. "The waves come up on the beach, almost to the door of the house. They run up all white, like prancing horses, and then they go dragging back. Come and look!"
"I cannot," said the second child. "I am tying a knot."
"Oh!" cried the first child, "I see the boat. She is dancing like a lady at a ball; I never saw such a beauty. Come and look!"
"I cannot," said the second child. "I am tying a knot."
"I shall have a delightful sail in that boat," said the first child. "I expect that the sailor man will take me, because I am the eldest and I know more about it. There was no need of my watching when he showed you the knots, because I knew how already."
Just then the sailor man came in.
"Well," he said, "my work is over. What have you been doing in the meantime?"
"I have been looking at the boat," said the first child. "What a beauty she is! I shall have the best time in her that ever I had in my life."
"I have been tying knots," said the second child.
"Come, then," said the sailor man, and he held out his hand to the second child. "I will take you out in the boat, and teach you to sail her."
"But I am the eldest," cried the first child, "and I know a great deal more than she does."
"That may be," said the sailor man; "but a person must learn to tie a knot before he can learn to sail a boat."
"But I have learned to tie a knot," cried the child. "I know all about it!"
"How can I tell that?" asked the sailor man.
(From The Golden Windows, by Laura E. Richards. (H. R. Allenson Ltd. 2s. 6d. net.))
from How to Tell Stories to Children, and Some Stories to Tell , by Sara Cone Bryant
Saint Valentine's Day
(February 14)
Saint Valentine
The good Saint Valentine was a priest at Rome in the days of Claudius II. He and Saint Marius aided the Christian martyrs, and for this kind deed Saint Valentine was apprehended and dragged before the Prefect of Rome, who condemned him to be beaten to death with clubs and to have his head cut off. He suffered martyrdom on the 14th day of February, about the year 270.
At that time it was the custom in Rome, a very ancient custom, indeed, to celebrate in the month of February the Lupercalia, feasts in honor of a heathen god.
On these occasions, amidst a variety of pagan ceremonies, the names of young women were placed in a box, from which they were drawn by the men as chance directed.
The pastors of the early Christian Church in Rome endeavored to do away with the pagan element in these feasts by substituting the names of saints for those of maidens. And as the Lupercalia began about the middle of February, the pastors appear to have chosen Saint Valentine's Day for the celebration of this new feast.
So it seems that the custom of young men choosing maidens for valentines, or saints as patrons for the coming year, arose in this wise.
(from Good Stories for Great Holidays , by Frances Jenkins Olcott)
(APRIL OR MAY)
Flag Day
(June 14)
Betsy Ross and the Flag
By Harry Pringle Ford (Adapted)
On the 14th day of June, 1777, the Continental Congress passed the following resolution: ``RESOLVED, That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes alternate red and white; that the Union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.''
We are told that previous to this, in 1776, a committee was appointed to look after the matter, and together with General Washington they called at the house of Betsy Ross, 239 Arch Street, Philadelphia.
Betsy Ross was a young widow of twenty-four heroically supporting herself by continuing the upholstery business of her late husband, young John Ross, a patriot who had died in the service of his country. Betsy was noted for her exquisite needlework, and was engaged in the flag-making business.
The committee asked her if she thought she could make a flag from a design, a rough drawing of which General Washington showed her. She replied, with diffidence, that she did not know whether she could or not, but would try. She noticed, however, that the star as drawn had six points, and informed the committee that the correct star had but five. They answered that as a great number of stars would be required, the more regular form with six points could be more easily made than one with five.
She responded in a practical way by deftly folding a scrap of paper; then with a single clip of her scissors she displayed a true, symmetrical, five-pointed star.
This decided the committee in her favor. A rough design was left for her use, but she was permitted to make a sample flag according to her own ideas of the arrangement of the stars and the proportions of the stripes and the general form of the whole.
Sometime after its completion it was presented to Congress, and the committee had the pleasure of informing Betsy Ross that her flag was accepted as the Nation's standard.
(from Good Stories for Great Holidays , by Frances Jenkins Olcott)
A Mean Boy
Harry Burton woke one night and heard a strange noise in his closet. He got out of bed, crossed the floor in his bare feet, and carefully opened the closet door. The noise stopped, instantly.
"Ah!" said Harry, "I knew it was mice made that noise. How I wish I could catch them."
The next morning he told his mother about the noises he had heard.
"I will get you a mouse-trap," she said.
"I don't want the kind that kills the mice, I only want to catch them and tame them," said Harry.
His mother laughed and told him when he had tamed his mice he must keep them well out of her way.
The trap was set, the mice were caught, and sure enough, in a short time were so tame they would eat from Harry's hand. He made a little house for them, and kept in it his bedroom. Whenever he went out, he always shut the door carefully.
Now it happened that among Harry's acquaintances, there was one very disagreeable boy. His name was Dick Taft. Harry did not play with him very often, for he was so ugly it was hard to get along with him.
Dick never liked to be beaten at any game, and sometimes made it very uncomfortable for the one who got ahead of him.
One day Harry happened to beat him at one of their school games. Dick called after him when it was over, "I'll pay you for this, see if I don't."
Harry only laughed as he walked away going in the opposite direction from his own house.
When he was out of sight, Dick ran to Harry's house, made some excuse to go up in his bedroom, and let in the big cat, who was eagerly watching outside.
When Harry came home, the mouse house was open, and not one of his pets was to be seen. The poor fellow was almost heart-broken. He asked every one in the house who had left his door open. The maid told him she thought it must have been that boy he sent up to his room.
She described the boy, and Harry knew in a moment that it was Dick Taft.
"So that is the way he paid me for beating him at a game," cried Harry. "Well, never again, so long as I live, will I play with a boy who is mean enough to do such a trick as that."
And he kept his word.
(from Cinderella or, the Little Glass Slipper and Other Stories )
The Greedy Dog
"What a good time I shall have eating this meat when I get home!" said a dog as it started to cross a stream of water.
He stopped suddenly and looked down into the water. There was his shadow. "That dog has a larger piece of meat than I," he said. "I want that piece of meat and I will have it!"
He growled, but the dog in the water did not move nor did he drop his piece of meat.
He snapped at the dog in the water. He was soon sorry for that, for the meat slipped from his mouth and sank to the bottom of the stream, and the dog in the water lost his meat at the same time.
(from Fifty Famous Fables , by Lida Brown McMurry)
Slamat mlam, sya mnta tlng d buatkan contoh discussion text dan explanation text yg lbh dr 400 kata.tlng scepatnya. Trimakasih ats bntuannya
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
It produces small amount of waste.
It is reliable.
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.
Note on the Generic Structure of Discussion Text
Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different ideas. It is important to to get the understanding between the two differences. In many social activities, discussion is the effective way to calm down any friction and difference in thought, perception and recommendation.
This example of discussion text present the two poles, between the advantage and disadvantage of using nuclear plant to fulfill the energy needed. It is a case which need to be talked and discussed from two points. They are represented in the generic structure which is used:
Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, it is stated that using nuclear power can be the choice in fulfilling the needed energy.
Supporting Point: In the second paragraph, it is presented the advantages of nuclear power plant to be used as the source of the world's energy needed
Contrastive Point: The third paragraph shows the balance. It gives the contradictory idea in using nuclear power plant as the resource of energy.
Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar recommendation on how people should concern in the matter of nuclear energy.
Hunting Fox; a discussion text
Foxhunting is a subject that provokes very strong feelings. Many people believe that it is cruel to hunt a fox with dogs and totally agree with its ban.
Many farmer and even conservationists, however, have always argue that the fox is a pest which attacks livestock and must be controlled.
Generic Structure Analysis
Stating the issue; hunting fox.
Supporting point; farmers and conservationists agree to hunt fox because they attack livestok.
Contrastive point; many people disagree hunting fox with dog because it is cruel.
Recommendation; Do not be cruel in hunting fox just control it in safe way.
Language Feature Analysis
Introducing category participant; farmer, conservationists.
Using thinking verb; believe.
Using connectives;
Using modalities; must, always
What is Discussion?
Discussion Text
Definition of Discussion
Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.
Generic Structure of Discussion
Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed
List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue
List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point
Recommendation; stating the writer' recommendation of the discourse
Language Feature of Discussion
Introducing category or generic participant
Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand, however, etc
Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc
Between Explanation and Procedure Text
Seeing the social function, both procedure and explanation texts have the similarity in which both describe how to make or done something. They give the detail description on something, phenomena, goods, product case or problem.
To see the differences between explanation and procedure, we have to analyze the dominant language feature and how the texts are used.
Procedure, this text type is commonly called as instruction text. It uses pattern of commend in building the structure. It use the “to infinitive verb” which is omitted the “to”. It is a kind of instruction text which uses full commend verb. Procedure is commonly used to describe how to make something which is close to our daily activity. For example how to make a cup of tea, how to make a good kite, etc is the best example of the procedure text. It is such word; first boil water, secondly prepare the cup, and so on.
Explanation, it is commonly used the passive voice in building the text. Explanation is such a scientific written material. It describes how certain phenomenon or event happen. How a tornado form, how tsunami works are the best example of explanation text. It uses passive pattern in describing the topic
Tsunami
The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunamigk is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.
Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.
Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter Daylight; an explanation text
In the summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as much people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the earth.
The earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in summer but you would be forgiven for thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning.
It seems strange that as the earth get closer to the sun during its orbit then the amount of daylight that we get decrease. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.
Generic Structure Analysis
General statement; stating the phenomenon whic daylight in summer is longer than in winter.
Explanation; it is the tilt of the earth that determines the amount of daylight not the distance of the earth from the sun.
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing generic participant; daylight.
Using chronological connection; then, so, but.
Using pasive voice; you would be forgiven.
Using present tense; the earth is actually closer to the sun.
ass.. toloNg dong cariin pengertian Analytical exposition. 1.social function 2.language feature 3.generie structur 4.contoh-contohnya
Dear students….
Kalian pasti sering beda pendapat dengan teman, kakak, atau bahkan dengan orang tua sendiri. Well, it’s okay to have different opinion. Dalam mengungkapkan pendapat, kalian pasti berusaha untuk meyakinkan lawan bicara agar mau mengikuti apa yang kalian inginkan. Makanya kalian juga akan memberikan argumen-argumen yang kuat untuk mendukung opini kalian sehingga lawan bicara bisa terpengaruh dan mengiyakan pendapat kalian.
Kasus di atas erat kaitannya dengan salah satu jenis teks yaitu Analytical Exposition. Analytical Exposition is one of the genre which presents arguments. Jadi, untuk membedakan teks Analytical Exposition dengan teks lainnya adalah di lihat dari isi dan tujuannya. The social function is to persuade by presenting arguments. Tujuannya adalah untuk membujuk pendengar atau pembaca sehingga mereka mau mengikuti keinginan kalian. Teks ini berisi tentang argumen atau alasan.
Jenis teks ini di awali dengan THESIS, yaitu pendapat kalian tentang suatu masalah. Biasanya di awali dengan kalimat I personally think, In my opinion, I believe, etc. Setelah kalian menuliskan thesis atau pendapat, kalian harus menuliskan ARGUMENTS, yaitu argumen-argumen atau alasan-alasan yang disertai dengan fakta dan bukti-bukti yang relevan sehingga pendengar atau pembaca terpengaruh dengan argumen yang kalian kemukakan. Biasanya dimulai dengan Firstly, Nest, Third, The last, etc. Untuk mengakhiri teks, kalian harus menuliskan REITERATION, yaitu simpulan dari thesis dan arguments yang telah kalian bicarakan sebelumnya. Kalian bisa mengungkapkannya melalui kalimat In my conclusion, To conclude, From the facts above, we can conclude that, etc.
Contoh:
I personally think learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language learning.
Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory.
Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary sample.
Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution.
Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture.
From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs, learning English can be enjoyable and fun.
Coba perhatikan teks di atas. Kalian pasti sudah tau kan yang mana thesis, argument dan reiteration.
I personally think (thesis)
Firstly, Secondly, Furthermore, In addition, Last but not least (arguments)
From the elaboration above (reiteration)
What is Analytical Exposition?
Analytical Exposition Text
Definition of Analytical Exposition
Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.
Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition
1.Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position
2.Argument 1: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position
3.Argument 2: Explaining the other arguments support the writer’s position more
4.Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position
Language Features of Analytical Exposition
Using relational process
Using internal conjunction
Using causal conjunction
Using Simple Present Tense
mas bok aku dicariin contoh letter,memo,annoncement,advertisment,message,dan brosur,,pleaseee beudd..thx\'s
Contoh advertisement
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Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday | All roundNew HitsAll AroundDancingTop 40 & 60’sAll AroundScientific Music | Generation BandHitrow BandSembilan BandGrasshoppers BandMedussa BandRhapsody BandHeart Beat Band |
Contoh Memo
To : Dinda
From : The Director
Subject: Promotion letters. Type promotion letter for our new clients. Include the technical specifications and the amount of discounts for each item. Any difficulties, call me after meeting.The client list is in the same folder as the previous ones. Jl. Siliwangi no.2Bandung -44321
Bandung, March 12, 2009
Contoh letter
Dear Nidha,
How are you getting along? It has been quite long since we met last year. As you can see from the address above I have moved house. My father bought a new house. We sold off the double storey house and moved to double storey terrace house.I like the new house. The living room is so much bigger than the old one. There are more rooms and we have a big garden. My father said that we could have a swimming pool in the garden if we want to. However mother would rather have a rock garden with waterfall.How about visiting me and seeing our new house? I have already found a river which is good for fishing. I’m sure you will enjoy a weekend here.
See you soon.
Your Sincerely
Bayu Wisnu
Contoh Brochure
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Available in:
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Produced by:PT. JAMU PUTRA-PUTRICilacap-Indonesia
Contoh Announcement
Here is the last call For Garuda passengers flight GA 710 to Melbourne will be aboard. All passengers please proceed to gate 4. Thank you.
tolong buatin 16 tenses beserta conoh dan polanya, sekarang!..........
T E N S E S
1. Simple Present Tense
POLA:
Subject + Verb 1 + …. They / We I / You | Subject + Verb s-es + …. He / She It |
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.
Contoh :
The students go to school everyday.
She studies English twice a week.
I go to church on Sundays
We celebrate our independence day once in a year.
b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
The earth revolves round the sun.
The pineapple never grows up on a tree.
c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
Every morning/day/week/month/year
Once, twice, three times, four times, …
Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.
2. Present Continuous Tense
POLA:
Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing |
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.
Contoh:
They are still playing at the moment.
She is reading a novel now.
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.
Contoh:
I am learning French this year.
Mr. Brown is teaching English.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.
Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka tenses nya Present Continuous.
Contoh: * Look! The man is climbing.
* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.
3. Present Perfect Tense
POLA:
Subject + Have + Verb 3 + …. Has |
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu.
Contoh :
William Shakespeare has written many short stories.
I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh:
My friends and I have gone to Bali.
Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA:
Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing Has |
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.
Contoh:
My sister has been studying English for three months.
The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
For, since.
5. Simple Past Tense
POLA:
Subject + Verb 2 + Object + …. |
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
The students presented their project work this morning.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
Last …. - …ago - This afternoon
Just now - This morning - Yesterday
6. Past Continuous Tense
POLA:
Subject + was + Verb- ing were |
FUNGSI:
Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:
I was studying at my friend’s house.
My parents were chatting in the living room.
Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi .
Contoh:
When I was studying, someone knocked the door.
When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.
7. Past Perfect tense
POLA:
Subject + Had + Verb 3 |
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.
Contoh:
The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.
When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
when, after, before.
8. Future Tense
POLA:
Subject + shall + Verb 1 + … will |
FUNGSI:
Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
Contoh:
Bobby will come here tomorrow.
I shall call my parents when I get home.
Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan atau kehendak.
Contoh:
Tomy will be fourteen years old next year.
We shall die one day.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.
9. Future Perfect Tense
POLA:
FUNGSI:
I will have sung
The future perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and use. The future perfect tense talks about the past in the future.
How do we make the Future Perfect Tense?
tolong berikan contoh teks procedur!!!! dan apa itu teks procedur??? saya ga tau
The communicative purpose of procedure text is to tell the steps of making or doing something. (Tujuan komunikatif nya: memberi petunjuk cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkah.)
Generic Structure: Goal/Aim – Materials/Tools – Steps/Methods
Language Features of Procedure text:
- Imperative form, ex: Cut, Pour, Don’t mix, dsb.
- action verbs: turn, put, don’t, mix, dsb.
- connectives (untuk mengurutkan kegiatan), ex: then, while, dsb.
- adverbials (untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang akurat), ex: for five minutes, two centimetres from the top, dsb.
The Example of Procedure text:
How to make Lemonade
Ingredients:
For each glass use:
- 2 tablespoons of lemon juice.
- 2 tablespoons of sugar.
- 1 glass of water.
Methods:
1. Slice a lemon in half and squeeze the juice into a cup.
2. Take out the seeds.
3. Pour two tablespoons of juice into glass.
4. Add sugar.
5. Add water and stir well.
6. Taste the lemonade. You may want to add more sugar or more lemon to make it taste just right.
7. Put it in ice cubes. A drop of red food coloring will make pink lemonade
tolong buatin contoh teks procedur tapi jgn yg tentang buat makanan yg tanpa menggunakan alat seperti menginstal kaset <<<< jgn di pake dah ada yg buat
To use the BROILER:
The broiler is located inside at the top of the oven.
1. Turn the temperature control knob right to the BROIL
setting.
2. To turn the broiler off, turn the control knob left to the
OFF position.
Note: To reset the oven for baking, it is necessary to
turn the oven control dial to “OFF” and then back to the
temperature setting of your choice.
Important Safeguards:
• Do not heat unopened food containers on burners
• Do not leave your stove unattended while cooking
• Clean the stove on a regular basis
• Always have drip pans under elements, do not cover them in aluminum
foil
• Do not cover slots, holes, passages or rack with aluminum foil
• Do not leave items on top of the stove
• Keep stove vent hood and filter clean
Dial 9-911 (Emergency Services) immediately in the event that a
cooking related fire occurs in your apartment.
Indicator Lights
could you give me some the example about using pragraph in the direct speech and indirect speech, please?
The example of direct speech and indirrect speech:
Direct speech: My sister said , " I find pleasure in horse-back riding ."
Indirect speech: My sister said that she found pleasure in horse-back riding.
Direct speech : Tim said , " I didn’t sell the chickens last week".
Indirect speech: Tim said that he had not sold the chickens the week before.
Direct speech: Ayu asked me, “Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday?” Indirect speech: Ayu asked me why I hadn’t come to the party the day before.
Direct speech: Ayu asked me, “Do you come to the party?”
Indirect speech: Ayu asked me whether I came to the party.
Direct speech : My mother said , " Don’t shout at me !"
Indirect speech: My mother said not to shout at her.
Direct speech : The officer said , " Come and help me , sergeant.”
Indirect speech: The officer said to the sergeant to come and help him.
Note:
And related to your question. I think what you mean is the use of direct speech and indirrect speech in the paragraph. Here is the example:
Yesterday I was interviewed by the manager. He asked me: " Why are you interested in this job?". And I answered that I was interested in this job because it's suitable to my education backgroud. It seemed that the manager was quite concern with my reason.
NB: Kata yang dicetak miring menunjukkan direct speech, dan
Kata yang dicetak tebal menunjukknan indirrect speech
