They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read. They gave them food and drink. There was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept part of the way.
On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr. Richard and his family collected their bags and went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to a hotel.
The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view of the park. The room had its own bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door. On the third floor, there was a restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety of food.
The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy.
Example of Narrative Text; The Smartest Parrot
The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could not understand why the parrot would not say Catano. The man tried to teach the bird to say Catano however the bird kept not saying the word.
At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got very angry. “You stupid bird!” pointed the man to the parrot. “Why can’t you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not say it. Then the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”. The bird kept not to say the word of Catano.
One day, after he had been trying so many times to make the bird say Catano, the man really got very angry. He could not bear it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the chicken house. There were four old chickens for next dinner “You are as stupid as the chickens. Just stay with them” Said the man angrily. Then he continued to humble; “You know, I will cut the chicken for my meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot”. After that he left the chicken house.
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door and was very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at the chicken house. There were three death chickens on the floor. At the moment, the parrot was standing proudly and screaming at the last old chicken; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”.
My Friend's New Shoes Descriptive
I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always want to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes products. This shoes really matches on her.
Her new blowfish women's shoes are wonderful. When she are walking on that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the most suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and brand represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really have perfect appearance.
She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products covered all genders. The blowfish men's shoes are as elegant as she has. The products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic shoes are designed in attractive way. The products are international trader mark and become the hottest trend.
Writing For Business; a procedure text
writing something for your business can be pretty intimidating. Well, you don't have to.
Here's a simple checklist to follow. I'm not saying that following these rules will make your company the next Google, but it will help.
Firstly, take the topic of benefits, not features. Your customers don't care about you. They want to know "What's in it for me?"
Secondly, write your benefit like you talk it. Use regular words. Read aloud what you've written. How does it sound?
Thirdly, lose the weak words. Don't describe how your company may, might or should help customers but talk about how your company will.
Fourthly, Use a nice rhythm. Some sentences are long and some are short. Mix them up and keep things interesting.
Fifthly,re-read what you've done before publishing. Edit it necesarily. It's so easy to make mistakes which you don't notice the first time through.
Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms; a news item text
“This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the first ones to get exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIV-positive)” Abdul Latiff Ahmad was quoted as saying by Sunday Star Newspaper. “But this just a suggestion, it’s up to them”.
Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day, which was celebrated openly for the first time in Malaysia, in bid to reduce stigma for HIV-victim. In the past the event was held behind closed door.
Last year, 745 Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive and 193 were diagnosed with AIDS, he said in the report. Officials have said nearly 81000 Malaysian have been infected with HIV, less then 10 percent are woman, but the number is steadily rising.
Malaysian Aids Council president, Adeebah Kamarulzaman, was quoted as saying besides sex workers, many women who contract HIV are housewives, were infected unknowingly by their husbands. “It’s not that people don’t know that condoms can protect them. But there are some men who don’t care to take precaution, even though they know they have HIV” she said.
Genres | Social Function (Tujuan / Fungsi Sosial) | Generic Structure (Struktur) | Significant Lexicogrammatical Features (Ciri – ciri yang menonjol) |
Narrative | To amuse, entertain, and to deal with actual or vicarious experiences in different ways. (Untuk menghibur pembaca melalui cerita). | a. Orientation: Sets the scene and introduces the participants. (Memperkenalkan tokoh dan setting).b. Complication : A crisis arises (Munculnya masalah).c. Resolution : the crisis is resolved (Terselesainya masalah).e. Evaluation : A stepping back to evaluate the plight. (Melangkah ke belakang untuk memikirkan nilai / makna sebuah peristiwa, bisa ada dan tidak)d. Reorientation : Optional (Bisa ada / atau tidak ada fungsinya menyimpulkan isi cerita ) | a. Focus on specific usually individualized participants. (Fokus pada tokoh – tokoh tertentu secara individu).b. The use of Simple Past (Penggunaan Tenses Masa Lampau)c. The use of temporal conjunction (Penggunaan kata penghubung yang menunjukkan waktu ex : After, before, when dll).d. The use of noun phrases (Penggunaan frasa kata benda yang kaya dengan adjective misalnya : long black hair, two red apples. |
Descriptive | To describe a particular person, place or thing (Untuk menggambarkan orang, benda, atau tempat tertentu secara khusus) | a. Identification : Identifies phenomenon ( Mengidentifikasi / pengenalan fenomena / hal yang dideskripsikan).b. Description : Menggambarkan bagian, kualitas, maupun ciri – ciri) | a. The Use of Simple Present Tense (Penggunaan Simple Present Tense). b. Focus on Specific Participant (Fokus kepada Hal / orang / tempat secara khusus) |
Recount | To tell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining (Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatandengan tujuan memberitakan atau menghibur) | a. Orientation : Provides the setting and introduces the participants (yaitu memberikan informasi tentang apa, siapa, di mana dan kapan). b. Events : Tell what happened in what sequence ( Laporan urutan kegiatan yang biasanya disampaikan secara berurutan)c. Reorientation : Optional – closure of events. (biasanya berisi komentar pribadi / penilaian jika ada | a. Use of past tense : Penggunaan waktu masa lampau) b. Focus on temporal sequence (Fokus pada urutan waktu dengan kata – kata penghubung yang menunjukkan waktu mis : when, after, then dsb). c. Noun dan noun phrases. |
Genres | Social Function (Tujuan / Fungsi Sosial) | Generic Structure (Struktur) | Significant Lexicogrammatical Features (Ciri – ciri yang menonjol) |
Report | To describe the way things are with reference to a range of natural, man – made and social phenomenon in our environment. (Menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan. Yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gajala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia, atau gejala-gejala sosial) | a. General Classification: tells what the phenomenon under discussion is ( Pernyataan secara umum yang menjelaskan tentang objek yang dideskripsikan. Keterangan, dan klasifikasinya). b. Description : tells what phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of parts, qualities, habits, or behaviors (if living) or uses (if non-natural) (Memberikan penjelasan tentang hal yang dideskripsikan. kalau hal yang dideskripsikan merupakan benda hidup maka bisa dideskripsikan bgian – bagiannya, kualitasnya, kebiasaanya, atau perilakunya. Kalau benda mati maka yang dideskripsikan adalah kegunannya) | a. Focus on generic participants : Fokus pada hal secara umum. b. Use of Present Tense (Unless extinct) (Pengunaan Present Tense kecuali kalau benda itu sudah punah. |
Procedure | To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps (Menjelaskan bagaimana mencapai sebuah tujuan dengan memberikan serangkaian langkah / tindakkan) | a. Goals (Tujuan yang hendak dicapai, biasanya ada dalam judulnya)b. Materials (Bahan – bahan, tidak semua jenis teks Prosedur ada). c. Steps A series of steps oriented to achieve the goal (Sejumlah langkah untuk mencapai tujuan. | a. Use of simple present Tense often imperative (Penggunaan Simple Present Tense, sering kali merupakan kalimat perintah). b. Use mainly of temporal conjunction / connectives (penggunaan kata untuk mnerangkan waktu misalnya then, after that) c. Penggunaan action verbs (Cut, Mix. |
Analytical Exposition | To persuade the reader or listener that something is the case. (Untuk meyakinkan dan mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar bahwa ada masalah yang perlu mendapat perhatian) | a. Thesis Position: Introduces topics and indicates writer’s position. (Memberitahukan topic dan menunjukkan pendapat penulis). b. Arguments Points : Menjelaskan argument dan elaborasi (dijelaskan secara mendetailc. Reiteration : Restates writer position : Menjelaskan kembali posisi penulis atau penguatan kembali posisi penulis | General nouns, misalnya car, pollution, leaded petrol car, dsb.· Abstract nouns, misalnya policy, government, dsb.· Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals, dsb.· Relating verbs, misalnya It is important, dsb.· Action verbs, misalnya She must save, dsb.· Thinking verbs, misalnya Many people believe, dsb· Modal verbs, misalnya we must preserve, dsb. · Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly, we, dsb. · Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly,dsb. · Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, trustworthy, dsb. * Kalimat pasif |
Hortatory Exposition | To persuade the reader that something should or should not be the case. (Meyakinkan kepada pembaca bahwa sesuatu seharusnya dilakukan atau tidak dilakukan) | a. Thesis : announcement of issue concern (Menjelaskan tentang hal yang dibahas) b. Arguments : Reasons for concerns, leading to recommendation (Alasan yang digunakan yang menuju pada rekomendasi tentang apa yang seharusnya / tidak seharusnya dilakukan)c. Statement : statement of what ought or ought not to happen (Pernyataan tentang apa yang seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya terjadi / dilakukan) | Terfokus ke pembicara / penulis yang mengangkat isu.· Abstract nouns, misalnya policy, government,dsb.· Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals, dsb.· Relating verbs, misalnya should be, doesn’t seem to be dsb.· Action verbs, misalnya We must act, dsb.· Thinking verbs, misalnya I believe, dsb· Modal verbs, misalnya we must preserve, dsb · Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly, wem dsb. · Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly, dsb · Simple present tense · Kalimat pasif · Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, trustworthy, dsb. |
Review | To critique an art work, event for a public audience. It includes movies, TV shows, books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts, and ballets. (Melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni untuk pembaca atau pendengar halayak ramai, misalnya film, pertunjukan, buku, dll.) | a. Orientation: places the work in its general context often by comparing it with others of its kind (Menempatkan karya tersebut dalam konteks secara umum seringkali dengan membandingkan karya lain yang sejenis). b. Interpretive Recount: summarizes the plot or / and provides an account of how the reviewed rendition of the work came into being. (Memberikan ringkasan alur dan atau Menafsirkan karya itu, struktur ini biasa ada atau tidak ada dalam suatu review). c. Evaluation : Provides an evaluation of the work and / or its performance or production (Memberikan evaluasi tentang karya atau pementasannya). |
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Discussion | To present (at least) two points of view about an issue (Membahas suatu maslah yang paling tidak dipandang dari dua sudut pandang) | a. Issue : Statement (Pernyataan tentang hal yang dibahas) b. Arguments for and against or statemetn of differingv points of view (Argumen yang mendukung atau melawan pernyataan). c. Point d. Elaboration (Penjelasan) e. Conclusion or Recommendation (Ringkasan atau rekomendasi) | a. general nouns untuk menyatakan kategori, misalnya uniforms, alcohol, dsb,b. relating verbs untuk memberi informasi tentang isu yang didiskusikan, misalnya smoking is harmful, dsb.c. thinking verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis, misalnya feel, believe, hope, dsb.d. additives, contrastives dan causal connectives untuk menghubungkan argumen, misalnya similarly, on the hand, however, dsb.e. detailed noun groups untuk memberikan informasi secara padu, misalnya the dumping of unwanted kittens, dsb.f. modalities, seperti perhaps, must, should, should have been, could be, dsb.g. adverbials of maner, misalnya deliberately. |
News Item | To inform readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important (memberitahukan kepada pembaca, pendengar, atau penonton tentang sebuah peristiwa atau kejadian yang penting). | a. Newsworthy events: Penceritaan kembali tentang Ringkasan kejadian. b. Background Events : Menjelaskan apa yang terjadi, kepada siapa dan dalam kondisi seperti apa. c. Source : komentar – komentar oleh para saksi, pelaku, pejabat setempat, atau ahli dalam kejadian tersebut. | a. Terfokus pada orang, binatang, benda tertentu;b. Menggunakan action verbs, misalnya eat, run;c. Menggunakan keterangan waktu dan tempat;d. Menggunakan past tense;e. Disusun sesuai dengan urutan kejadian |
Explanation | Menerangkan proses yang berlangsung dalam pembentukkan atau pelaksanaan kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan gejala – gelaja / fenomena sosio budaya. | a. A general statement : Pernyataan umum b. A sequenced explanation : Penjelasan secara brerurutan mengapa atau bagaimana sesuatu terjadi. | a. general dan abstract nouns, misalnya word chopping, earthquakes;b. action verbs;c. simple present tense;d. passive voice;e. conjunctions of time dan cause;f. noun phrase, misalnya the large cloud;g. abstract nouns, misalnya the temperature; h. adverbial phrases; complex sentences; bahasa teknis; |
